tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25485798000206790662023-11-15T06:53:38.426-08:00Biology Knowledge BankRamakrishnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12858659388175965428noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548579800020679066.post-48013752358054842662013-12-06T01:42:00.000-08:002013-12-06T01:42:00.199-08:00What causes shortsightedness or myopia?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What causes
shortsightedness or myopia? </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Symptom</span></u><span style="color: #00b0f0;">: A person with shortsightedness cannot see objects which
are far away but can see objects which are nearby. </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Reason for the defect</span></u><span style="color: #00b0f0;">: The light rays from the object move through the eye and
get converged before the retina. As image of the object is not formed on the
retina we cannot see the object.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Causes for the defect</span></u><span style="color: #00b0f0;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lens is too
convex or too curved is one of the reason for this defect. Another reason for
this defect is the eye ball may become lengthened from front <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to back. </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;">How to rectify this defect?</span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #00b0f0;">A spectacle with </span><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;">concave lens</span></u><span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;"> </span><span style="color: #00b0f0;">has
to be used for rectifying this defect. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Concave lens is a diverging lens which makes
the light rays to travel further and make them to meet on the retina. The power
of the lens has to be noted with a negative sign. Shortsightedness or myopia is
mainly caused in school going <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>children.</span></b></div>
</div>
Ramakrishnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12858659388175965428noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548579800020679066.post-90449871522739915802012-10-01T06:56:00.000-07:002013-12-06T11:15:46.037-08:00ICSE, ISC -Board's Examination Preparation Guiding Blog<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Quick Revision Material for ICSE Board's Biology Examination<br />
<br />
I am providing here quick revision material for ICSE Board's examination preparing students. If the student is thorough with this material, the student will find it easy to answer both section I as well as section II questions with utmost perfection. I am a Biology teacher teaching Biology in a reputed school for more than 20 years.<br />
<br />
1. Important days to remember:<br />
<br />
World Population Day: July 11th<br />
World Health Day: April 7th<br />
World Environment Day: June 5th<br />
World AIDS Day: December 1st<br />
International Ozone Day: September 16th<br />
World Red Cross Day: May 8th<br />
<br />
2. Gestation period: 280 days<br />
Life span of RBC or Erythrocytes: 120 days<br />
Life span of WBC or Leukocytes: 14 days<br />
Life span of platelets or Thrombocytes: 3-5 days<br />
Total spinal nerves in human body: 31 pairs<br />
Total number of vertebrae in human body: 33<br />
Number of muscles which attach eye ball to eye sockets: 3 pairs or 6 extrinsic muscles or rectris muscles<br />
Menstrual cycle: 28 days<br />
<br />
3. Diseases caused by:<br />
<br />
Bacteria: Cholera, Tetanus, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Diphtheria, Pneumonia<br />
<br />
Viruses: Common cold, Influenza, Mumps, Poliomyelitis, Rabies, Small Pox, Measles, Yellow fever, AIDS<br />
<br />
Fungi: Ring worm, Athlet's Foot<br />
<br />
Protozoa: Malaria, Amoebic dysentry, Sleeping sickness<br />
<br />
Deficiency diseases: Marasmus, Kwashiorkar, Xerophthalmia, Anaemia<br />
<br />
4. Disinfectants: Cresol, Phenol, 40%Lysol, Formalin, Lime, Bordeaux mixture, DDT<br />
<br />
Antiseptics: Carbolic acid, Iodine, Benzoic acid, Mercurochrome, Boric acid<br />
<br />
Antibiotics: Penicillin, Streptomycin, Terramycin, Erythromycin, Ampicillin<br />
<br />
5. Abbreviations<br />
<br />
ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate (Cellular currency)<br />
<br />
ADP: Adenosine diphosphate<br />
<br />
NADP: Nicotinamide Adenosine dinucleotide phosphate<br />
<br />
RUBP: Ribulose bisphosphate (CO2 acceptor in Dark reaction of Photosynthesis)<br />
<br />
CFC's: Chlorofuorocarbons (causes bone holes)<br />
<br />
GH: Growth hormone<br />
<br />
FSH: Follicle stimulating hormone<br />
<br />
ADH: Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin<br />
<br />
TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone<br />
<br />
ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone<br />
<br />
LH: Lutenizing hormone<br />
<br />
DDT: Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane<br />
<br />
AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Disease<br />
<br />
HIV: Human Immuno Virus<br />
<br />
IUDC: Intrauterine devices<br />
<br />
MTP: Medical termination of pregnancy<br />
<br />
BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand<br />
<br />
CNG: Compressed Natural Gas<br />
<br />
WHO: World Health Organization<br />
<br />
GHIH: Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone<br />
<br />
DTP: Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (Whooping cough)<br />
<br />
BCG: Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 26.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Endocrine Glands</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Glands are of two types- Exocrine glands
and Endocrine glands.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent2;">.</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Exocrine
glands are duct (having tube) glands- secrete enzymes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent2;">.</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Endocrine
glands are ductless (tube lacking) glands secrete enzymes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><u><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Hormones</span></u><u><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;"> </span></u><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">are
chemical messengers<u> </u>which are produced at one part of our body and<u> </u>have
influence at some other parts (target organs) of our body.</span><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent2;"></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: red; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Characteristics of hormones</span></u><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent2;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Hormones are always poured or secreted into
blood by endocrine glands.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Hormones always act away from the source of
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Hormones are produced in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>trace quantity but they have wide influence <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>all over our body.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Same hormone produced in different species
will have the same influence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Hormones cannot be stored in our body but <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>will be excreted after their action.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Hormones regulate physiological process by
chemical means.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Chemically hormones are peptides (insulin),
amine (adrenaline), steroids (testosterone).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Secretion of a hormone less (hypo/under
secretion) or more (hyper/over secretion) leads to some defects in the body.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><u style="text-underline: dotted;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THYROID GLAND: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<u style="text-underline: dotted;"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Location:
</span></u><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">A butterfly shaped gland present below larynx and above
trachea. The two wings of thyroid gland are connected by a bridge like region
called isthmus. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<u style="text-underline: dotted;"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Hormones
secreted:</span></u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #1f497d; mso-themecolor: text2;">Thyroxine </span><span style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;">and Calcitonin </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<u style="text-underline: dotted;"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Principal
activities of Thyroxine hormone:-</span></u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Regulate
basal metabolism ( Cellular oxidation resulting in heat production).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">It
influences general growth of the body, ossification of bones, mental
development and body heat content.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Hypo secretion or under
secretion (Hypothyroidism) of this hormone leads to three defects.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Simple Goiter: Thyroid gland present
below the neck region become swollen. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Symptom: Abnormal
swelling of thyroid gland present below the neck region.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Reason: Lack of iodine
in diet. Iodine helps in the synthesis of thyroxine hormone by thyroid gland. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">People live in hilly
plains most commonly suffer from this defect due to iodine gets leached away
from the sloppy soils. Hence the food produced from these crops lack iodine
mineral. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Cretinism: It is a defect caused in child
or at infancy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Symptoms: Dwarfism, Mental
retardation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Myxoedema: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disease caused in old people. Person become
sluggish. Swelling can be Iseen in face and hands.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Over secretion /Hyper
secretion (Hyperthyroidism) leads to Exophthalmic Goiter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Symptoms: 1. Eyes
protrude out.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Metabolic and heart beat rate increases.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Shortness of breath </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Goiter in the neck.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.PANCREAS:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">This gland acts as both
exocrine and endocrine gland</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. </span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Pancreas is present below the stomach
region. Pancreas as an exocrine gland it secret enzymes and as an endocrine
gland secrete hormones. Patches of endocrine cells present in pancreas together
known as </span><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Islets of Langerhans. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans secret </span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Insulin.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Principal activities of
Insulin hormone:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Insulin promotes proper utilization of
glucose by our body cells. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Insulin converts excess glucose present
in blood to glycogen and store it in liver.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Alpha cells of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Islets of Langerhans secret Glucagon. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Glucagon converts
glycogen present in liver to glucose and put into blood circulation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">Delta cells of Islets of Langerhans
secrete Somatostatin. This hormone control secretions of both insulin and
glucagon hormones.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
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<b><b><b></b></b></b></div>
Ramakrishnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12858659388175965428noreply@blogger.com2